PAFD_0031_014 — Polskie Archiwum Filmów Domowych

Bełżeccy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Bełżeccy Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Bełżecki
length	04'48
location	Poland
year	1969
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0006 001

Now playing

collection	Bełżeccy Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Bełżecki
length	07'33
location	Poland
year	1969; 1974
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0006 002

Now playing

collection	Bełżeccy Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Bełżecki
length	00:04:58
location	Poland
year	1967–1969
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0006 003

See the entire collection

Buda Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Buda Family Archive
authors	Zygmunt Buda
length	15'27
location	Poland
year	1955
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0037 001

Now playing

collection	Buda Family Archive
authors	Zygmunt Buda
length	11'19
location	Poland, Sierpc
year	1956; 1957
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0037 002

Now playing

collection	Buda Family Archive
authors	Zygmunt Buda
length	02'36
location	Poland
year	1965
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0037 003

See the entire collection

Bujnowscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Bujnowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Bujnowski
length	02'43
location	Poland
year	1986
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0033 001

Now playing

collection	Bujnowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Bujnowski
length	02'42
location	Poland
year	1985
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0033 002

Now playing

collection	Bujnowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Bujnowski
length	02'40
location	Greece
year	1985
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0033 003

See the entire collection

Drozdow Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Drozdow Family Archive
authors	Ewa Drozdow
length	19'24
location	Austria; Czechoslovakia
year	1992
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0003 001

Now playing

collection	Drozdow Family Archive
authors	Ewa Drozdow
length	29'02
location	Italy
year	1994
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0003 002

Now playing

collection	Drozdow Family Archive
authors	Ewa Drozdow
length	31'13
location	Federal Republic of Germany
year	1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0003 003

See the entire collection

Dyksińscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Dyksińscy Family Archive
authors	Barbara Dyksińska–Tryc
length	03'56
location	Poland
year	1970-1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0018 002

Now playing

collection	Dyksińscy Family Archive
length	00'38
location	Poland
year	1970-1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0018 004

Now playing

collection	Dyksińscy Family Archive
length	00'55
location	Poland
year	1970-1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0018 005

See the entire collection

Furka Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Furka Family Archive
authors	Włodzimierz Furka
length	06'22
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0004 001

Now playing

collection	Furka Family Archive
authors	Włodzimierz Furka
length	16'34
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0004 002

Now playing

collection	Furka Family Archive
authors	Włodzimierz Furka
length	17'47
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0004 003

See the entire collection

Górni Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Górni Family Archive
authors	Paweł Górny
length	03'43
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0031 001

Now playing

collection	Górni Family Archive
authors	Paweł Górny
length	03'52
location	Poland
year	1967;1968
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0031 004

Now playing

collection	Górni Family Archive
authors	Paweł Górny
length	06'02
location	Yugoslavia
year	1966
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0031 005

See the entire collection

Hajnosz Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Hajnosz Family Archive
authors	Ryszard Hajnosz; Maria Gepner-Hajnosz
length	03'19
location	Poland
year	1969
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0008 001

Now playing

collection	Hajnosz Family Archive
authors	Maria Gepner-Hajnosz
length	24'23
location	Nigeria
year	1977–1983
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0008 002

Now playing

collection	Hajnosz Family Archive
authors	Maria Gepner-Hajnosz; Ryszard Hajnosz
length	02'14
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0008 003

See the entire collection

Hassa Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Hassa Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Hassa
length	03'25
location	Poland
year	1986–1987
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0000 001

Now playing

collection	Hassa Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Hassa
length	05'15
location	Poland
year	1989–1990
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0000 002

Now playing

collection	Hassa Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Hassa
length	03'24
location	Poland
year	1989
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0000 003

See the entire collection

Heyke Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Heyke Family Archive
authors	Krzysztof Heyke
length	12'05
location	Poland
year	1985
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0007 001

Now playing

collection	Heyke Family Archive
authors	Krzysztof Heyke
length	02'18
location	Nepal
year	2001
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0007 002

Now playing

collection	Heyke Family Archive
authors	Krzysztof Heyke
length	03'23
location	Nepal
year	2001
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0007 003

See the entire collection

Janczur Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Janczur Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Janczur; Wanda Janczur
length	04'34
location	USA
year	1975
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0009 001

Now playing

collection	Janczur Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Janczur; Wanda Janczur
length	04'26
location	USA
year	1973–1977
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0009 002

Now playing

collection	Janczur Family Archive
authors	Zbigniew Janczur; Wanda Janczur
length	04'31
location	USA
year	1977
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0009 003

See the entire collection

Jastrzębscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Jastrzębscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Jastrzębski
length	06'25
location	Poland
year	1980/1982
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0029 001

Now playing

collection	Jastrzębscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Jastrzębski
length	21'57
location	Poland
year	1980
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0029 002

Now playing

collection	Jastrzębscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Jastrzębski
length	02'29
location	Poland
year	1983/1984
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0029 003

See the entire collection

Kamińscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Kamińscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Kamiński
length	10'08
location	Poland
year	1983
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0014 001

Now playing

collection	Kamińscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Kamiński
length	01'45
location	Poland
year	1985
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0014 002

Now playing

collection	Kamińscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Kamiński
length	05'15
location	Poland
year	1982
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0014 003

See the entire collection

Kęszyccy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Kęszyccy Family Archive
authors	Marcin Kęszycki
length	20'53
location	Poland
year	1965-1966
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0036 001

Now playing

collection	Kęszyccy Family Archive
authors	Marcin Kęszycki
length	21'41
location	Poland
year	1965-1966
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0036 002

Now playing

collection	Kęszyccy Family Archive
authors	Marcin Kęszycki
length	05'41
location	Poland
year	1969
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0036 003

See the entire collection

Konwiccy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Konwiccy Family Archive
authors	Alfred Lenica
length	03'04
location	Poland
year	1961–1962
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0012 001

Korzenieccy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Korzenieccy Family Archive
authors	Piotr Korzeniecki
length	0:01:05
location	Algeria
year	1979
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0044 001

Now playing

collection	Korzenieccy Family Archive
authors	Piotr Korzeniecki
length	0:03:23
location	Algeria
year	1979
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0044 002

Now playing

collection	Korzenieccy Family Archive
authors	Piotr Korzeniecki
length	0:03:26
location	Algeria
year	1979
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0044 003

See the entire collection

Krajewscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Krajewscy Family Archive
authors	Jarosław Krajewski
length	12'33
location	Poland
year	1974
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0024 035

Now playing

collection	Krajewscy Family Archive
authors	Jarosław Krajewski
length	01'20
location	Poland
year	1970–1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0024 001

Now playing

collection	Krajewscy Family Archive
authors	Jarosław Krajewski
length	05'31
location	Poland
year	1984
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0024 002

See the entire collection

Łapkiewicz Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Łapkiewicz Family Archive
authors	Jerzy Łapkiewicz
length	02'52
location	Poland
year	1983
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0026 001

Now playing

collection	Łapkiewicz Family Archive
authors	Jerzy Łapkiewicz
length	05'15
location	Poland
year	1979; 1980
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0026 002

Now playing

collection	Łapkiewicz Family Archive
authors	Jerzy Łapkiewicz
length	02'37
location	Poland
year	1981
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0026 003

See the entire collection

Lenarczyk Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Lenarczyk Family Archive
authors	Marek Lenarczyk. Elżbieta Lenarczyk
length	06'51
location	Poland
year	1986; 1987
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0016 001

Leśkiw Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Leśkiw Family Archive
authors	Bazyli Leśkiw
length	09'43
location	Poland
year	1983
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0021 001

Now playing

collection	Leśkiw Family Archive
authors	Bazyli Leśkiw
length	09'38
location	Poland
year	1984
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0021 002

Now playing

collection	Leśkiw Family Archive
authors	Bazyli Leśkiw
length	15'29
location	Poland
year	1984
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0021 003

See the entire collection

Lissowscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Lissowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Lissowski
length	10'13
location	Poland
year	1961
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0002 001

Now playing

collection	Lissowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Lissowski
length	06'37
location	Poland
year	1960
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0002 002

Now playing

collection	Lissowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Lissowski
length	08'54
location	Poland
year	1964
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0002 003

See the entire collection

Maciaszczyk Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Maciaszczyk Family Archive
authors	Mieczysław Cebula
length	03'42
location	Poland
year	1965-1966
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0022 001

Major Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Major Family Archive
authors	Bogdan Major; Lech Szumigaj
length	06'54
location	Poland
year	1988–1989
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0028 001

Now playing

collection	Major Family Archive
authors	Bogdan Major; Lech Szumigaj
length	13'26
location	Poland
year	1978; 1980
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0028 002

Now playing

collection	Major Family Archive
authors	Bogdan Major
length	04'58
location	Poland
year	1980
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0028 003

See the entire collection

Małanicz Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Małanicz Family Archive
authors	Eugeniusz Małanicz
length	11'54
location	Poland
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0039 001

Now playing

collection	Małanicz Family Archive
authors	Eugeniusz Małanicz; Ludwika Małanicz
length	16'59
location	Poland
year	1938
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0039 008

Now playing

collection	Małanicz Family Archive
authors	Eugeniusz Małanicz; Janusz Małanicz; Anna Małanicz
length	21'51
location	Poland
year	1965
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0039 016

See the entire collection

Markiewicz Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Markiewicz Family Archive
authors	Kazimierz Stożek; Jerzy Markiewicz
length	08'15
location	Poland
year	1981; 1985
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0032 001

Now playing

collection	Markiewicz Family Archive
authors	Kazimierz Stożek
length	11'46
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0032 002

Now playing

collection	Markiewicz Family Archive
authors	Kazimierz Stożek
length	08'54
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0032 003

See the entire collection

Matuszewscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Matuszewscy Family Archive
authors	Teofil Matuszewski
length	15'12
location	Poland
year	1967
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0020 001

Now playing

collection	Matuszewscy Family Archive
authors	Teofil Matuszewski
length	14'04
location	Poland
year	1962; 1964
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0020 002A

Now playing

collection	Matuszewscy Family Archive
authors	Wojciech Matuszewski
length	08'07
location	Poland
year	1983; 1984
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0020 002B

See the entire collection

Oparowscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Oparowscy Family Archive
length	01'36
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0013 002

Now playing

collection	Oparowscy Family Archive
authors	Zygmunt Oparowski
length	15'41
location	Poland
year	1964-1965
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0013 003

Now playing

collection	Oparowscy Family Archive
authors	Zygmunt Oparowski
length	12'54
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0013 004

See the entire collection

Pisarek Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Pisarek Family Archive
authors	Walery Pisarek
length	02'42
location	Poland
year	1979-1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0005 001

Now playing

collection	Pisarek Family Archive
authors	Walery Pisarek
length	15'32
location	Poland
year	1961
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0005 002

Now playing

collection	Pisarek Family Archive
authors	Walery Pisarek
length	06'01
location	Argentina
year	1972
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0005 003

See the entire collection

Semenowicz Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Semenowicz Family Archive
authors	Tomasz Semenowicz
length	10'05
location	Poland
year	1985; 1986; 1989
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0011 001

Szczepanowscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Szczepanowscy Family Archive
authors	Feliks Szczepanowski
length	23'58
location	Poland
year	1960–1970
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0023 001

Now playing

collection	Szczepanowscy Family Archive
authors	Feliks Szczepanowski
length	04'57
location	Poland
year	1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0023 003

Now playing

collection	Szczepanowscy Family Archive
authors	Piotr Reichert
length	03'23
location	Poland
year	1981
format	S8 mm
signature	PAFD 0023 005

See the entire collection

Wasilewscy and Karolakowie Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Wasilewscy and Karolakowie Family Archive
authors	Stanisław Karolak
length	0:09:22
location	Poland
year	1968
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0040 001

Now playing

collection	Wasilewscy and Karolakowie Family Archive
authors	Stanisław Karolak
length	0:10:16
location	Poland
year	1968
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0040 002

Now playing

collection	Wasilewscy and Karolakowie Family Archive
authors	Stanisław Karolak
length	0:08:57
location	Yugoslavia
year	1969
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0040 003

See the entire collection

Wiktorowscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Wiktorowscy Family Archive
authors	Roman Wiktorowski; Wojciech Wiktorowski
length	0:10:56
location	Morocco
year	1965
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0041 001

Now playing

collection	Wiktorowscy Family Archive
authors	Ewa Błaszczyk; Wojciech Wiktorowski
length	0:17:04
location	Poland
year	1970–1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0041 002

Now playing

collection	Wiktorowscy Family Archive
authors	Roman Wiktorowski; Wojciech Wiktorowski
length	0:26:00
location	France; Morocco
year	1960–1970
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0041 003

See the entire collection

Witek Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Witek Family Archive
length	05'15
location	Poland
year	1969
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0019 001

Wysokińscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Wysokińscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Wysokiński
length	0:05:39
location	Poland; Netherlands
year	1988-1989
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0027 018

Now playing

collection	Wysokińscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Wysokiński
length	11'02
location	Poland
year	1971
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0027 001

Now playing

collection	Wysokińscy Family Archive
authors	Andrzej Wysokiński
length	03'14
location	Poland
year	1975
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0027 002

See the entire collection

Bujnowscy Family Archive (2)

Now playing

collection	Bujnowscy Family Archive (2)
authors	Marcin Bujnowski
length	05'01
location	Vilnius
year	1989
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0034 001

Now playing

collection	Bujnowscy Family Archive (2)
authors	Barbara Bujnowska, Wiesław Bujnowski
length	04'28
location	Tykocin
year	1977
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0034 002

Now playing

collection	Bujnowscy Family Archive (2)
authors	Barbara Bujnowska, Wiesław Bujnowski
length	06'14
location	Polska
year	1978
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0034 003

See the entire collection

Cypryjańscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Cypryjańscy Family Archive
authors	Ryszard Cypryjański
length	0:02:51
location	Poland
year	1971; 1975–1976
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0045 002

Now playing

collection	Cypryjańscy Family Archive
authors	Ryszard Cypryjański
length	0:09:11
location	Poland
year	1972; 1973
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0045 003

Now playing

collection	Cypryjańscy Family Archive
authors	Ryszard Cypryjański
length	0:04:23
location	Poland
year	1976
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0045 004

See the entire collection

Drygas Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Drygas Family Archive
authors	Maciej Drygas
length	0:07:06
location	Poland
year	1975
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0035 001

Now playing

collection	Drygas Family Archive
authors	Maciej Drygas
length	0:08:19
location	Poland
year	1975
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0035 004

Now playing

collection	Drygas Family Archive
authors	Maciej Drygas
length	0:04:50
location	Poland
year	1970–1980
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0035 005

See the entire collection

Kowalscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Kowalscy Family Archive
authors	Bohdan Kowalski
length	03'42
location	Poland
year	1969
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0038 001

Now playing

collection	Kowalscy Family Archive
authors	Bohdan Kowalski
length	04'56
location	Poland
year	1974–1975
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0038 002

Now playing

collection	Kowalscy Family Archive
authors	Bohdan Kowalski
length	01'56
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0038 003

See the entire collection

Archiwum Rodziny Krzeszowiaków

Now playing

collection	Archiwum Rodziny Krzeszowiaków
authors	Leszek Krzeszowiak
length	03'01
location	Poland
year	1979
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0017 001

Now playing

collection	Archiwum Rodziny Krzeszowiaków
authors	Leszek Krzeszowiak
length	01'00
location	Poland
year	1960–1969
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0017 002

Now playing

collection	Archiwum Rodziny Krzeszowiaków
authors	Leszek Krzeszowiak
length	02'57
location	Poland
year	1963–1965
format	16 mm
signature	PAFD 0017 003

See the entire collection

Archiwum Rodziny Kudasiów

Now playing

collection	Archiwum Rodziny Kudasiów
authors	Zbigniew Kudaś
length	02'36
location	Poland
year	1970
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0001 001

Now playing

collection	Archiwum Rodziny Kudasiów
authors	Maria Kudaś; Zbigniew Kudaś; Henryk Osiej
length	07'17
location	Poland
year	1968; 1969; 1971
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0001 002

Matugowie Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Matugowie Family Archive
authors	Franciszek Matug
length	05'56
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0030 001

Now playing

collection	Matugowie Family Archive
authors	Franciszek Matug
length	02'20
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0030 002

Now playing

collection	Matugowie Family Archive
authors	Franciszek Matug
length	06'08
location	Poland
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0030 003

See the entire collection

Matuszni Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Matuszni Family Archive
authors	Antoni Matuszny
length	35'20
location	Poland
year	1974–1979
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0015 001

Now playing

collection	Matuszni Family Archive
authors	Antoni Matuszny
length	31'34
location	Poland, Laliki
year	1981; 1982; 1983; 1985
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0015 002

Now playing

collection	Matuszni Family Archive
authors	Antoni Matuszny
length	04'49
location	Poland
year	1979
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0015 003

See the entire collection

Milewscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Milewscy Family Archive
authors	Antoni Milewski
length	0:10:32
location	Poland
year	1979
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0046 001

Now playing

collection	Milewscy Family Archive
authors	Antoni Milewski
length	0:23:14
location	Poland
year	1969; 1970; 1976
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0046 002

Now playing

collection	Milewscy Family Archive
authors	Antoni Milewski
length	0:15:28
location	Poland
year	1970; 1971
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0046 003

See the entire collection

Szypowscy Family Archive

Now playing

collection	Szypowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Szypowski; Jan Szypowski ps. “Leśnik”
length	0:04:23
location	Poland
year	1937–1938
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0043 001

Now playing

collection	Szypowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Szypowski; Jan Szypowski ps. “Leśnik”
length	0:05:30
location	Poland
year	1937–1938
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0043 002

Now playing

collection	Szypowscy Family Archive
authors	Jan Szypowski; Jan Szypowski ps. “Leśnik”
length	0:05:17
location	Poland
year	1937–1938
format	8 mm
signature	PAFD 0043 003

See the entire collection

collection	Górni Family Archive
authors	Paweł Górny
starring	Katarzyna Górna; Urszula Górna
length	03'01
country	Poland
year	1969
format	8 mm
color	color
signature	PAFD 0031 014
description	Part 1 1969, genre scenes from the life of the Górny family. Katarzyna is a baby. She sleeps with a pacifier in her mouth, lies in bed, and then stands in it and looks at her father, Paweł, who films her. Part 2 July 27, 1969. Kasia Górna stands on the terrace of her family home in Żoliborz, dressed in a summer white dress. It’s her first birthday. Her mother, Urszula, puts next to her a large vase with a bunch of red flowers, bought especially for this occasion. The girl runs on the terrace, plays with toys, reaches for one of the birthday flowers and walks with it on the terrace. (MB)
keywords	Poland Warszawa Żoliborz childhood birthday celebration flowers toys
source of funding	Ministry of Culture and National Heritage